The roots of psychosynthesis: 1920 – 1940s
Psychosynthesis has its roots in psychoanalysis. The Italian founder of psychosynthesis, Dr. Roberto Assagioli (1888-1974), initially trained as a doctor in neurology and psychiatry. He was a member of the Freud Society in Zurich, and by 1909, he was among the first to bring psychoanalysis to Italy alongside other pioneers of the psychoanalytic movement. However, he soon developed his ideas beyond Freud’s models to include connecting with higher manifestations of human nature, beyond pathology.
A contemporary and student of Freud, Assagioli was more aligned with Jung’s approach to psychology.
Influenced by Raja Yoga (concerned with the cultivation of the mind and meditation), Karma Yoga (concerned with intention, action and will) and the writings of Alice Bailey, Assagioli studied philosophy and theology, drawing on Buddhism, Jewish and Christian mysticism for his thinking. What truly set him apart from his contemporaries was his belief in the existence of Self, and the particular methods devised to help a person discover their true essence, which can involve either or both personal and transpersonal development. Roberto Assagioli agreed with Freud that developing a healthy ego by healing childhood trauma was a necessary aim of psychotherapy, but held that human growth could not be limited to this alone.
In developing psychosynthesis, Assagioli sought to address human growth and unlock human potential into what Abraham Maslow later identified as self-actualisation, and further still, into the spiritual or transpersonal dimensions of human experience.
Psychosynthesis is therefore one of the forerunners of both humanistic psychology and transpersonal psychology, preceding Jung’s break with Freud by several years.
The recognition of psychosynthesis: 1950 – 1960s
In 1951 there was practically no provision of psychotherapy or counselling in the UK and only medically qualified people were allowed to treat mentally ill patients. Psychology was in its infancy and still very much oriented towards behaviourism and animal experimentation.
Abraham Maslow’s ground-breaking book, ‘Motivation and Personality’, came out in 1954 and described his study of psychologically healthy people. This was not welcomed by most other psychologists, so he started a mailing list to be distributed to sympathetic colleagues including the founder of psychosynthesis, Roberto Assagioli.
Psychosynthesis was acknowledged and recognised for the first time in the UK in 1964. Roberto Assagioli’s book, ‘Psychosynthesis – a Manual of Principles and Techniques’, was published in 1965 and The Psychosynthesis in Education Trust was registered as an organisation the same year.
Today we are known as The Psychosynthesis Trust.
The Psychosynthesis Trust: 1960s to the present
We have a rich 50- year history, a pioneering ‘whole person’ education in the UK. Together with Dr. Roberto Assagioli, our founders were leaders in education, psychology, science and spirituality, and we continue to work at that nexus today.
Diana Whitmore, reignited the charitable purpose in the 1980s, establishing the psychosynthesis counselling and psychotherapy training that formed the base of the training offered today. Diana trained and learned from Roberto Assagioli during 1960s, and is still actively involved in the Trust today, both as a trustee and a trainer.
Diana says: “As a student of Roberto Assagioli in the period just preceding his death, I was moved by his mission to put the soul back into psychology, which led to my leadership role in The Psychosynthesis Trust. The Trust was revitalised in honour of Assagioli’s vision that for we human beings to truly flourish and experience fulfilment from life, psychology needed to include the soul – the place in each of us where we find meaning and purpose and a deeper sense of well-being. I have been delighted to see the Trust flourish and grow to be a respected professional training organisation.”
The Trust was the second organisation in the UK to receive BACP accreditation in the 1980s, and the first to receive UKCP accreditation as a transpersonal training organisation in 1993. Find out more.